Cyclotron.. key to The Worm hole / Barmuda Triangle

(5) Cyclotron

• Cyclotron is a machine for producing high energy particles ,first developed by E.O.Lawrence and M.S.Livingston in 1931.Figure below shows the path of a charged particle in a cyclotron

Construction

• cyclotron consists of two horizontal D-shaped hollow metal segments D₁ and D₁ with a small gap between them
  
• These D'ees are placed in between the poles of a large electromagnet so that that magnetic field is Perpendicular to the plane of the D'ees
  
• The whole space inside the D'ees is evacuated to pressure of about 10^-6 mm of Hg
  
• An ion source S is kept at the center between the D'ees
  
• The two D'ees are connected to the terminals of high freqency oscillating A.C circuit.This changes the charge of each D'ees several million time per sec
  

Theory and working

• Suppose that any instant ,alternating potential is in the direction which makes D₁ positive and D₂ negative
  
• A positive ion starting from source S will be attracted by the Dee D₂
  
• Since Uniform magnetic field B acts at right angles to the plane of the Dees ,the positively charged ion of the charge q and mass m will move in a circular motion of radius
  r=mv/qB
  where v is the speed of the particle and it is constant
  
• After traversing half a cycle the ion comes to the edge of D₂.If we adjust the frequency of the oscillator in such a way that by the time ,ion comes to the edge of D₂,potential difference changes direction so as to make D₁ negative and D₂ positive.
  
• The ion will then get then attracted to D₁ and its speed will increasae due to acceleration
  
• Once inside D₁ ,the ion is now in electric field free zone and again it will move in a circular path with constant speed which is higher then the previous constant speed in D₂.Radius of the path in D₁ will be larger then D₂
• After traversing the semi -circular path in D₁ ,the ion will come to the egde of D₁ where if the direction of electric field changes ,it will receive additional energy
  
• This way the ion will continue travelleing in semi circles of increasing radii every time it goes from D₂ to D₁ and from D₁ to D₂
  
• Time taken by the ion to traverse the semi-circular path in the Dee is given by
  t=πr/v
• Thus by adjusting the magnetic field B,t can be made the same as that required to change the potential of the D₁ and D₂,so that positive charge ion always crosses the alternating electric field across the gap in correct phase
  
• Ions gain tremendous amount of energy after traversing through reversal rotation.when they come near the circumference of the Dees,an auxillary electric field is used to deflect them from the circular path to eventually reach a target
  
• Frequency F of charged particle moving in a cyclotron is
  f=ω/2π =υ/2πr=Bυ/2πm                   -- (10) where υ=1/2t
  
• If f and B are adjusted to keep charged ion always in phase each time ,the ion crosses the gap .it receive additional energy and at the same time it describes a flat spiral of increasing radius
  
• KE of ion emerging from the cyclotron if R is radius of the D'e is
  
  
  
• Above relation shows that the maximum energy attained by the ion is limited by the radius R of the Dees ,magnetic field B or the frequency f
  
• Maximum energy acquired by the charged particle in a particular cyclotron is independent of the alternating potential i.e when the voltage is small the ion makes a large number of the turns before reaching the periphery and for the large voltage number of turns is small.Total energy remians the same in both the cases,provided both B and R are unchanged
  
• These days cyclotron are not in wide use but others based on principle of cylotron are used

Studies say that when two small particles collide with high speed in ranges of mach 3 or mach 4 they release tremendous amount of Energy and thereby producing a Wormhole which links the energy Levels of two places and therefore let's you travel in different time. That's what Happens in Barmuda Triangle.